Christian Sommer

A promising solution for scalable integrated optics of trapped-ion quantum processors are curved waveguides guiding visible light within sapphire bulk material. To the best of our knowledge, no curved waveguides were investigated in sapphire so far, and no measurements of waveguides with visible light in undoped planar sapphire substrates were reported. Here, we demonstrate femtosecond laser writing of depressed cladding waveguides in sapphire. Laser parameters, such as pulse energy, pulse duration, and repetition rate, as well as waveguide geometry parameters, were optimized to guide 728 nm light. This resulted in single-mode waveguides with a propagation loss of 1.9(3) dB/cm. The investigation of curved waveguides showed a sharp increase in total loss for curvature radii below 15 mm. Our results demonstrate the potential of femtosecond laser writing as a powerful technique for creating integrated optical waveguides in the volume of sapphire substrates. Such waveguides could be a building block for integrated optics in trapped-ion quantum processors.

We present the first hardware implementation of electrostatic interaction energies using a trapped-ion quantum computer. As test system for our computation, we focus on the reduction of $\mathrm{NO}$ to $\mathrm{N}_2\mathrm{O}$ catalyzed by a nitric oxide reductase (NOR). The quantum computer is used to generate an approximate ground state within the NOR active space. To efficiently measure the necessary one-particle density matrices, we incorporate fermionic basis rotations into the quantum circuit without extending the circuit length, laying the groundwork for further efficient measurement routines using factorizations. Measurements in the computational basis are then used as inputs for computing the electrostatic interaction energies on a classical computer. Our experimental results strongly agree with classical noise-less simulations of the same circuits, finding electrostatic interaction energies within chemical accuracy despite hardware noise. This work shows that algorithms tailored to specific observables of interest, such as interaction energies, may require significantly fewer quantum resources than individual ground state energies would in the straightforward supermolecular approach.