Tiff Brydges

This work demonstrates the capabilities of an entangled photon-pair source at telecom wavelengths, based on a photonic integrated Si$_3$N$_4$ microresonator with monolithically integrated piezoelectric frequency tuning. Previously, frequency tuning of photon-pairs generated by microresonators has only been demonstrated using thermal control, however these have limited actuation bandwidth, and are not compatible with cryogenic environments. Here, the frequency-tunable photon-pair generation capabilities of a Si$_3$N$_4$ microresonator with a monolithically integrated aluminium nitride layer are shown. Fast-frequency locking of the microresonator to an external laser is demonstrated, with a resulting locking bandwidth orders of magnitude larger than reported previously using thermal locking. These abilities will have direct application in future schemes which interface such sources with quantum memories based on e.g. trapped-ion or rare-earth ion schemes.

Scaling a trapped-ion based quantum simulator to a large number of ions creates a fully-controllable quantum system that becomes inaccessible to numerical methods. When highly anisotropic trapping potentials are used to confine the ions in the form of a long linear string, several challenges have to be overcome to achieve high-fidelity coherent control of a quantum system extending over hundreds of micrometers. In this paper, we describe a setup for carrying out many-ion quantum simulations including single-ion coherent control that we use for demonstrating entanglement in 50-ion strings. Furthermore, we present a set of experimental techniques probing ion-qubits by Ramsey and Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse sequences that enable detection (and compensation) of power-line-synchronous magnetic-field variations, measurement of path length fluctuations, and of the wavefronts of elliptical laser beams coupling to the ion string.

In ergodic many-body quantum systems, locally encoded quantum information becomes, in the course of time evolution, inaccessible to local measurements. This concept of "scrambling" is currently of intense research interest, entailing a deep understanding of many-body dynamics such as the processes of chaos and thermalization. Here, we present first experimental demonstrations of quantum information scrambling on a 10-qubit trapped-ion quantum simulator representing a tunable long-range interacting spin system, by estimating out-of-time ordered correlators (OTOCs) through randomized measurements. We also analyze the role of decoherence in our system by comparing our measurements to numerical simulations and by measuring Rényi entanglement entropies.

We describe a protocol for cross-platform verification of quantum simulators and quantum computers. We show how to measure directly the overlap $\textrm{Tr}\left[ρ_1 ρ_2\right]$ and the purities $\textrm{Tr}\left[ρ^2_{1,2}\right]$, and thus a fidelity of two possibly mixed quantum states $ρ_1$ and $ρ_2$ prepared in separate experimental platforms. We require only local measurements in randomized product bases, which are communicated classically. As a proof-of-principle, we present the measurement of experiment-theory fidelities for entangled $10$-qubit quantum states in a trapped ion quantum simulator.

Hybrid classical-quantum algorithms aim at variationally solving optimisation problems, using a feedback loop between a classical computer and a quantum co-processor, while benefitting from quantum resources. Here we present experiments demonstrating self-verifying, hybrid, variational quantum simulation of lattice models in condensed matter and high-energy physics. Contrary to analog quantum simulation, this approach forgoes the requirement of realising the targeted Hamiltonian directly in the laboratory, thus allowing the study of a wide variety of previously intractable target models. Here, we focus on the Lattice Schwinger model, a gauge theory of 1D quantum electrodynamics. Our quantum co-processor is a programmable, trapped-ion analog quantum simulator with up to 20 qubits, capable of generating families of entangled trial states respecting symmetries of the target Hamiltonian. We determine ground states, energy gaps and, by measuring variances of the Schwinger Hamiltonian, we provide algorithmic error bars for energies, thus addressing the long-standing challenge of verifying quantum simulation.

The way in which energy is transported through an interacting system governs fundamental properties in many areas of physics, chemistry, and biology. Remarkably, environmental noise can enhance the transport, an effect known as environment-assisted quantum transport (ENAQT). In this paper, we study ENAQT in a network of coupled spins subject to engineered static disorder and temporally varying dephasing noise. The interacting spin network is realized in a chain of trapped atomic ions and energy transport is represented by the transfer of electronic excitation between ions. With increasing noise strength, we observe a crossover from coherent dynamics and Anderson localization to ENAQT and finally a suppression of transport due to the quantum Zeno effect. We found that in the regime where ENAQT is most effective the transport is mainly diffusive, displaying coherences only at very short times. Further, we show that dephasing characterized by non-Markovian noise can maintain coherences longer than white noise dephasing, with a strong influence of the spectral structure on the transport effciency. Our approach represents a controlled and scalable way to investigate quantum transport in many-body networks under static disorder and dynamic noise.

Entanglement is the key feature of many-body quantum systems, and the development of new tools to probe it in the laboratory is an outstanding challenge. Measuring the entropy of different partitions of a quantum system provides a way to probe its entanglement structure. Here, we present and experimentally demonstrate a new protocol for measuring entropy, based on statistical correlations between randomized measurements. Our experiments, carried out with a trapped-ion quantum simulator, prove the overall coherent character of the system dynamics and reveal the growth of entanglement between its parts - both in the absence and presence of disorder. Our protocol represents a universal tool for probing and characterizing engineered quantum systems in the laboratory, applicable to arbitrary quantum states of up to several tens of qubits.